When you specify an AWS account, you can use the account ARN (arn:aws:iam::account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the "AWS": prefix followed by the account ID. For example, given an account ID of 123456789012 , you can use either of the following methods to specify that account in the Principal element:If you attach the required permissions to the IAM entity, then any principal in the AWS account 111122223333 has root access to the KMS key. Resolution. You can prevent IAM entities from accessing the KMS key and allow the root user account to manage the key. This also prevents the root user account from losing access to the KMS key. "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::account_id:root" If you specify an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the principal, the ARN is transformed to a unique principal ID when the policy is saved. For example endpoint policies for gateway endpoints, see the following:In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to.In the root account, I have a verified domain identity that I used to create an email identity for transactional emails. Now, I created a new IAM account. I would like to attach a policy to this IAM account that allows it to create a verified email identity using that verified domain identity in the root account.The following example bucket policy shows how to mix IPv4 and IPv6 address ranges to cover all of your organization's valid IP addresses. The example policy allows access to the example IP addresses 192.0.2.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678::1 and denies access to the addresses 203.0.113.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678:ABCD::1.VDOM DHTML tml>. What is “root” in AWS IAM? - Quora. Something went wrong.Aug 23, 2021 · In section “AWS account principals” the AWS informs us that when specifying an AWS account, we can use ARN (arn:aws:iam::AWS-account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the AWS: prefix followed by the account ID: KMS and Key Policy. KMS is a managed service for the creation, storage, and management of cryptographic keys. Go to IAM. Go to Roles. Choose Create role. When asked to select which service the role is for, select EC2 and choose Next:Permissions . You will change this to AWS Control Tower later. When asked to attach policies, choose AdministratorAccess. Choose Next:Tags. You may see an optional screen titled Add tags. "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::account_id:root" If you specify an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the principal, the ARN is transformed to a unique principal ID when the policy is saved. For example endpoint policies for gateway endpoints, see the following:This portion of the ARN appears after the fifth colon (:). You can't use a variable to replace parts of the ARN before the fifth colon, such as the service or account. For more information about the ARN format, see IAM ARNs. To replace part of an ARN with a tag value, surround the prefix and key name with $ {}. For example, the following ...Open the role and edit the trust relationship. Instead of trusting the account, the role must trust the service. For example, update the following Principal element: "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:: 123456789012 :root" } Change the principal to the value for your service, such as IAM.Open the IAM console. In the navigation pane, choose Account settings. Under Security Token Service (STS) section Session Tokens from the STS endpoints. The Global endpoint indicates Valid only in AWS Regions enabled by default. Choose Change. In the Change region compatibility dialog box, select All AWS Regions."AWS": "arn:aws:iam::account_id:root" If you specify an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the principal, the ARN is transformed to a unique principal ID when the policy is saved. For example endpoint policies for gateway endpoints, see the following: The account ID on the AWS console. This is a 12-digit number such as 123456789012 It is used to construct Amazon Resource Names (ARNs). When referring to resources such as an IAM user or a Glacier vault, the account ID distinguishes these resources from those in other AWS accounts. Acceptable value: Account ID. The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ... AWS account root user – The request context contains the following value for condition key aws:PrincipalArn. When you specify the root user ARN as the value for the aws:PrincipalArn condition key, it limits permissions only for the root user of the AWS account. This is different from specifying the root user ARN in the principal element of a ...First, check the credentials or role specified in your application code. Run the following command on the EMR cluster's master node. Replace s3://doc-example-bucket/abc/ with your Amazon S3 path. aws s3 ls s3://doc-example-bucket/abc/. If this command is successful, then the credentials or role specified in your application code are causing the ... Open the role and edit the trust relationship. Instead of trusting the account, the role must trust the service. For example, update the following Principal element: "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:: 123456789012 :root" } Change the principal to the value for your service, such as IAM. Find your AWS account ID. You can find the AWS account ID using either the AWS Management Console or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). In the console, the location of the account ID depends on whether you're signed in as the root user or an IAM user. The account ID is the same whether you're signed in as the root user or an IAM user.AWS CLI: aws iam list-virtual-mfa-devices. AWS API: ListVirtualMFADevices. In the response, locate the ARN of the virtual MFA device for the user you are trying to fix. Delete the virtual MFA device. AWS CLI: aws iam delete-virtual-mfa-device. AWS API: DeleteVirtualMFADevice.The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ... In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to.Mar 11, 2022 · Steps to Enable MFA Delete Feature. Create S3 bucket. Make sure you have Root User Account Keys for CLI access. Configure AWS CLI with root account credentials. List and Verify Versioning enabled for the Bucket. List the Virtual MFA Devices for Root Account. Enable MFA Delete on Bucket. Test MFA Delete. arn:aws:iam:: account-ID-without-hyphens :user/Richard A unique identifier for the IAM user. This ID is returned only when you use the API, Tools for Windows PowerShell, or AWS CLI to create the IAM user; you do not see this ID in the console. For more information about these identifiers, see IAM identifiers. IAM users and credentials Step 3: Attach a policy to users or groups that access AWS Glue. The administrator must assign permissions to any users, groups, or roles using the AWS Glue console or AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). You provide those permissions by using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), through policies.Steps to Enable MFA Delete Feature. Create S3 bucket. Make sure you have Root User Account Keys for CLI access. Configure AWS CLI with root account credentials. List and Verify Versioning enabled for the Bucket. List the Virtual MFA Devices for Root Account. Enable MFA Delete on Bucket. Test MFA Delete.Go to 'Roles' and select the role which requires configuring trust relationship. Click 'Edit trust relationship'. Please replace the account IDs and IAM usernames/roles with your account ID and IAM usernames/roles. Using the "root" option creates a trust relationship with all the IAM users/roles in that account. 5.Dec 27, 2016 · On the role that you want to assume, for example using the STS Java V2 API (not Node), you need to set a trust relationship. In the trust relationship, specify the user to trust. For Actions, start typing AssumeRole in the Filter box and then select the check box next to it when it appears. Choose Resources, ensure that Specific is selected and then choose Add ARN. Enter the AWS member account ID number and then enter the name of the role that you previously created in steps 1–8. Choose Add.In AWS I have three accounts: root, staging and production (let's focus only on root & staging account) in single organization. The root account has one IAM user terraform (with AdministratorAccess policy) which is used by terraform to provisioning all stuff. The image of organization structureJun 9, 2021 · As per the documentation, you will be required to add "sts:GetServiceBearerToken" access in your access policy as well.. The codeartifact:GetAuthorizationToken and sts:GetServiceBearerToken permissions are required to call the GetAuthorizationToken API. Open the role and edit the trust relationship. Instead of trusting the account, the role must trust the service. For example, update the following Principal element: "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:: 123456789012 :root" } Change the principal to the value for your service, such as IAM. Jan 20, 2022 · From what I've understood, EKS manages user and role permissions through a ConfigMap called aws-auth that resides in the kube-system namespace. So despite being logged in with an AWS user with full administrator access to all services, EKS will still limit your access in the console as it can't find the user or role in its authentication configuration. AWS S3 deny all access except for 1 user - bucket policy. I have set up a bucket in AWS S3. I granted access to the bucket for my IAM user with an ALLOW policy (Using the Bucket Policy Editor). I was able to save files to the bucket with the user. I have been working with the bucket for media serving before, so it seems the default action is to ...Aug 23, 2022 · Using AWS CLI. Run the list-virtual-MFA-devices command (OSX/Linux/UNIX) using custom query filters to return the ARN of the active virtual MFA device assigned to your AWS root:; aws iam list ... Troubleshooting key access. The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request. IAM policies that govern a principal's use of a KMS key are always defined in the principal's AWS account. To invite an IAM user, enter arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/MyUser. Replace 123456789012 with your AWS account ID and replace MyUser with the name of the user. To invite the AWS account root user, enter arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root. Replace 123456789012 with your AWS account ID.The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators.This portion of the ARN appears after the fifth colon (:). You can't use a variable to replace parts of the ARN before the fifth colon, such as the service or account. For more information about the ARN format, see IAM ARNs. To replace part of an ARN with a tag value, surround the prefix and key name with $ {}. For example, the following ...Wildcards are supported at the end of the ARN, e.g., "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:*" will match any IAM principal in the AWS account 123456789012. When resolve_aws_unique_ids is false and you are binding to IAM roles (as opposed to users) and you are not using a wildcard at the end, then you must specify the ARN by omitting any path component ... All principals More information Specifying a principal You specify a principal in the Principal element of a resource-based policy or in condition keys that support principals. You can specify any of the following principals in a policy: AWS account and root user IAM roles Role sessions IAM users Federated user sessions AWS services All principals Mainly there are four different way to setup the access via cli when cluster was created via IAM role. 1. Setting up the role directly in kubeconfig file.Another common action typo is the inclusion of unnecessary text in ARNs, such as arn:aws:s3: : :*, or missing colons in actions, such as iam.CreateUser. You can evaluate a policy that might include typos by choosing Next to review the policy summary and confirm whether the policy provides the permissions you intended.1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. Role ARNs always have the form arn:aws:iam:: {account number}:role/ {role name}. If you're creating two roles that reference each other, you should template out the ARNS rather than referencing the resources directly. This avoids a circular reference. You can get your account number like this: data "aws_caller_identity ...We require an ARN when you need to specify a resource unambiguously across all of AWS, such as in IAM policies, Amazon S3 bucket names, and API calls. In AWS GovCloud (US) Regions, ARNs have an identifier that is different from the one in other standard AWS Regions. For all other standard regions, ARNs begin with: For the AWS GovCloud (US-West ...Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail. IAM and AWS STS are integrated with AWS CloudTrail, a service that provides a record of actions taken by an IAM user or role. CloudTrail captures all API calls for IAM and AWS STS as events, including calls from the console and from API calls. If you create a trail, you can enable ... Example with root account accessing "Account": You Need Permissions You don't have permission to access billing information for this account. Contact your AWS administrator if you need help. If you are an AWS administrator, you can provide permissions for your users or groups by making sure that (1) this account allows IAM and federated users ... In the search box, type AWSElasticBeanstalk to filter the policies. In the list of policies, select the check box next to AWSElasticBeanstalkReadOnly or AdministratorAccess-AWSElasticBeanstalk. Choose Policy actions, and then choose Attach. Select one or more users and groups to attach the policy to. The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators. AWS Identity and Access Management. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service for securely controlling access to AWS services. With IAM, you can centrally manage users, security credentials such as access keys, and permissions that control which AWS resources users and applications can access. Jun 4, 2018 · 5,949 1 28 36 Add a comment 5 The answer { "Fn::Join": [ ":", [ "arn:aws:iam:", { "Ref":"AWS::AccountId" }, "root" ] ] } Why does this work? When you specify an AWS account, you can use the account ARN (arn:aws:iam::account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the "AWS": prefix followed by the account ID. For example, given an account ID of 123456789012 , you can use either of the following methods to specify that account in the Principal element:The following example bucket policy shows how to mix IPv4 and IPv6 address ranges to cover all of your organization's valid IP addresses. The example policy allows access to the example IP addresses 192.0.2.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678::1 and denies access to the addresses 203.0.113.1 and 2001:DB8:1234:5678:ABCD::1.Go to 'Roles' and select the role which requires configuring trust relationship. Click 'Edit trust relationship'. Please replace the account IDs and IAM usernames/roles with your account ID and IAM usernames/roles. Using the "root" option creates a trust relationship with all the IAM users/roles in that account. 5.Feb 17, 2021 · Wildcards ahead. All AWS IAM identities (users, groups, roles) and many other AWS resources (e.g. S3 buckets, SNS Topics, etc) rely on IAM policies to define their permissions. It is often necessary (or desirable) to create policies that match to multiple resources, especially when the resource names include a hash or random component that is ... In AWS I have three accounts: root, staging and production (let's focus only on root & staging account) in single organization. The root account has one IAM user terraform (with AdministratorAccess policy) which is used by terraform to provisioning all stuff. The image of organization structureHowever, if I add this to another account created, the permissions for that account and any other IAM users in that account are not having permissions anymore. I am confused. here are the docs for Disallow Creation of Access Keys for the Root User. Update. The way I am implementing the policy is through Organizations SCP.The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ... "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::account_id:root" If you specify an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the principal, the ARN is transformed to a unique principal ID when the policy is saved. For example endpoint policies for gateway endpoints, see the following:The AWS secrets engine generates AWS access credentials dynamically based on IAM policies. This generally makes working with AWS IAM easier, since it does not involve clicking in the web UI. Additionally, the process is codified and mapped to internal auth methods (such as LDAP). The AWS IAM credentials are time-based and are automatically ...To find the ARN of an IAM role, run the [aws iam get-role][2] command or just go and check it from the IAM service in your account web console UI. An AWS account ID; The string "*" to represent all users; Additionally, review the Principal elements in the policy and check that they're formatted correctly. If the Principal is one user, the ...AWS ended support for enabling SMS multi-factor authentication (MFA). We recommend that customers who have IAM users that use SMS text message-based MFA switch to one of the following alternative methods: virtual (software-based) MFA device, FIDO security key, or hardware MFA device.When the principal in a key policy statement is an AWS account principal expressed as arn:aws:iam::111122223333:root", the policy statement doesn't give permission to any IAM principal. Instead, it gives the AWS account permission to use IAM policies to delegate the permissions specified in the key policy.Typical AWS evaluation of access (opens in a new tab) to a resource is done via AWS’s policy evaluation logic that evaluates the request context, evaluates whether the actions are within a single account or cross-account (opens in a new tab) (between 2 distinct AWS accounts), and evaluating identity-based policies with resource-based policies ...When you specify an AWS account, you can use the account ARN (arn:aws:iam::account-ID:root), or a shortened form that consists of the "AWS": prefix followed by the account ID. For example, given an account ID of 123456789012 , you can use either of the following methods to specify that account in the Principal element:At this year's AWS re:Inforce, session IAM433, AWS Sr. Solutions Architect Matt Luttrell and AWS Sr. Software Engineer for IAM Access Analyzer Dan Peebles delved into some of AWS IAM’s most arcane edge cases – and why they behave as they do. The session took a deep dive into AWS IAM internal evaluation mechanisms never shared before and ...To manage the access keys of an IAM user from the AWS API, call the following operations. To create an access key: CreateAccessKey. To deactivate or activate an access key: UpdateAccessKey. To list a user's access keys: ListAccessKeys. To determine when an access key was most recently used: GetAccessKeyLastUsed.Steps to Enable MFA Delete Feature. Create S3 bucket. Make sure you have Root User Account Keys for CLI access. Configure AWS CLI with root account credentials. List and Verify Versioning enabled for the Bucket. List the Virtual MFA Devices for Root Account. Enable MFA Delete on Bucket. Test MFA Delete.An ARN for an IAM user might look like the following: arn:aws:iam::account-ID-without-hyphens:user/Richard. A unique identifier for the IAM user. This ID is returned only when you use the API, Tools for Windows PowerShell, or AWS CLI to create the IAM user; you do not see this ID in the console.Aug 6, 2020 · Can you write an s3 bucket policy that will deny access to all principals except a particular IAM role and AWS service role (e.g. billingreports.amazonaws.com).. I have tried using 'Deny' with 'NotPrincipal', but none of the below examples work as I don't think the ability to have multiple types of principals is supported by AWS? In the menu bar in the AWS Cloud9 IDE, do one of the following. Choose Window, Share. Choose Share (located next to the Preferences gear icon). In the Share this environment dialog box, for Invite Members, type one of the following. To invite an IAM user, enter the name of the user. SSE-KMS. If the objects in the S3 bucket origin are encrypted using server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS), you must make sure that the OAC has permission to use the AWS KMS key.An entity in AWS that can perform actions and access resources. A principal can be an AWS account root user, an IAM user, or a role. You can grant permissions to access a resource in one of two ways: Trust policy. A document in JSON format in which you define who is allowed to assume the role. This trusted entity is included in the policy as ...Open the IAM console. In the navigation pane, choose Account settings. Under Security Token Service (STS) section Session Tokens from the STS endpoints. The Global endpoint indicates Valid only in AWS Regions enabled by default. Choose Change. In the Change region compatibility dialog box, select All AWS Regions. I am creating two resources AWS Lambda function and Role using cloudformation template. I am using role arn as Environment variable. Later using it in code for S3 connection. But getting exception ...The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators. You can create root user access keys with the IAM console, AWS CLI, or AWS API. A newly created access key has the status of active, which means that you can use the access key for CLI and API calls. You are limited to two access keys for each IAM user, which is useful when you want to rotate the access keys. If you have 2FA enabled. You need to generate session token using this command aws sts get-session-token --serial-number arn-of-the-mfa-device --token-code code-from-token. arn-of-the-mfa-device can be found in your profile, 2FA section. Token, is generated token from the device.Example with root account accessing "Account": You Need Permissions You don't have permission to access billing information for this account. Contact your AWS administrator if you need help. If you are an AWS administrator, you can provide permissions for your users or groups by making sure that (1) this account allows IAM and federated users ...In my current terraform configuration I am using a static JSON file and importing into terraform using the file function to create an AWS IAM policy. Terraform code: resource "aws_iam_policy" "example" { policy = "${file("policy.json")}" } AWS IAM Policy definition in JSON file (policy.json):Troubleshooting key access. The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request. IAM policies that govern a principal's use of a KMS key are always defined in the principal's AWS account. Access denied due to a VPC endpoint policy – implicit denial. Check for a missing Allow statement for the action in your Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) endpoint policies. For the following example, the action is codecommit:ListRepositories. Update your VPC endpoint policy by adding the Allow statement.
1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. Role ARNs always have the form arn:aws:iam:: {account number}:role/ {role name}. If you're creating two roles that reference each other, you should template out the ARNS rather than referencing the resources directly. This avoids a circular reference. You can get your account number like this: data "aws_caller_identity .... Njhagkkz
Troubleshooting key access. The key policy that is attached to the KMS key. The key policy is always defined in the AWS account and Region that owns the KMS key. All IAM policies that are attached to the user or role making the request. IAM policies that govern a principal's use of a KMS key are always defined in the principal's AWS account. Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail. IAM and AWS STS are integrated with AWS CloudTrail, a service that provides a record of actions taken by an IAM user or role. CloudTrail captures all API calls for IAM and AWS STS as events, including calls from the console and from API calls. If you create a trail, you can enable ... Using "Principal" : {"AWS" : "*" } with an Allow effect in a resource-based policy allows any root user, IAM user, assumed-role session, or federated user in any account in the same partition to access your resource. For anonymous users, these two methods are equivalent. For more information, see All principals in the IAM User Guide.It is not possible to use wildcard in the trust policy except "Principal" : { "AWS" : "*" }.The reason being when you specify an identity as Principal, you must use the full ARN since IAM translates to the unique ID e.g. AIDAxxx (for IAM user) or AROAxxx (for IAM role).The principal in this key policy statement is the account principal, which is represented by an ARN in this format: arn:aws:iam::account-id:root. The account principal represents the AWS account and its administrators. However, if I add this to another account created, the permissions for that account and any other IAM users in that account are not having permissions anymore. I am confused. here are the docs for Disallow Creation of Access Keys for the Root User. Update. The way I am implementing the policy is through Organizations SCP.Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail. IAM and AWS STS are integrated with AWS CloudTrail, a service that provides a record of actions taken by an IAM user or role. CloudTrail captures all API calls for IAM and AWS STS as events, including calls from the console and from API calls. If you create a trail, you can enable ... You can create root user access keys with the IAM console, AWS CLI, or AWS API. A newly created access key has the status of active, which means that you can use the access key for CLI and API calls. You are limited to two access keys for each IAM user, which is useful when you want to rotate the access keys.For example, a principal similar to arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root allows all IAM identities of the account to assume that role. For more information, see Creating a role to delegate permissions to an IAM user .You can create root user access keys with the IAM console, AWS CLI, or AWS API. A newly created access key has the status of active, which means that you can use the access key for CLI and API calls. You are limited to two access keys for each IAM user, which is useful when you want to rotate the access keys.AWS CLI: aws iam list-virtual-mfa-devices. AWS API: ListVirtualMFADevices. In the response, locate the ARN of the virtual MFA device for the user you are trying to fix. Delete the virtual MFA device. AWS CLI: aws iam delete-virtual-mfa-device. AWS API: DeleteVirtualMFADevice.Step 1: Create an S3 bucket. When you enable access logs, you must specify an S3 bucket for the access log files. The bucket must meet the following requirements. For example, AWS recommends that you use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to increase the security of your account. To learn more, see Multi-factor authentication in the AWS IAM Identity Center (successor to AWS Single Sign-On) User Guide and Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) in AWS in the IAM User Guide. AWS account root userPrincipalにルートユーザのARNが指定されており、ここでARNが示すものは「アカウントID 123456789012のアカウント内のIAMユーザ、ロール」です。. 余談ですが、ルートユーザはスイッチロールができません。. AWS アカウントのルートユーザー としてサインインする ...Sign in. Root user. Account owner that performs tasks requiring unrestricted access. Learn more. IAM user. User within an account that performs daily tasks. Learn more.Open the IAM console. In the navigation pane, choose Account settings. Under Security Token Service (STS) section Session Tokens from the STS endpoints. The Global endpoint indicates Valid only in AWS Regions enabled by default. Choose Change. In the Change region compatibility dialog box, select All AWS Regions. Open the IAM console. In the navigation pane, choose Account settings. Under Security Token Service (STS) section Session Tokens from the STS endpoints. The Global endpoint indicates Valid only in AWS Regions enabled by default. Choose Change. In the Change region compatibility dialog box, select All AWS Regions.ARNs are constructed from identifiers that specify the service, Region, account, and other information. There are three ARN formats: arn:aws: service: region: account-id: resource-id arn:aws: service: region: account-id: resource-type / resource-id arn:aws: service: region: account-id: resource-type: resource-id..