Sep 28, 2022 · Getting treated early for COVID-19 and flu can reduce your risk of getting very sick. Testing can also reveal if someone has both flu and COVID-19 at the same time, although this is uncommon. People with flu and COVID-19 at the same time can have more severe disease than people with either flu or COVID-19 alone. RSV is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild, common-cold-type symptoms but can be severe for both young infants and older adults. And, of course, COVID-19 is the latest, now common virus the world is battling. These four common viruses share a variety of common symptoms (i.e. cough, fever, and fatigue), making distinguishing ...RSV is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild, common-cold-type symptoms but can be severe for both young infants and older adults. And, of course, COVID-19 is the latest, now common virus the world is battling. These four common viruses share a variety of common symptoms (i.e. cough, fever, and fatigue), making distinguishing ...LabCorp's COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of its continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the COVID-19 ...The test uses a single nasal swab or a single nasopharyngeal swab sample to determine if a patient has COVID-19 or the flu or RSV. It helps eliminate the need for multiple tests or doctor visits and can help clinicians to implement the right treatment plan quickly.Influenza (flu), COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are all common respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. They cause similar symptoms in many cases, but there are some key ...Sep 8, 2020 · LabCorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the ... At-home testing is now available for RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), COVID-19, and the flu (influenza). You can order testing online without a prescription. Results are not immediate. You need to mail samples to the manufacturer, and results take 1 to 2 days to return.When is the optimal timing: RSV vaccines do not wane like flu and COVID-19 vaccines, so getting one now should protect you throughout the entire season and most likely next season, too. The RSV ...The test can identify and differentiate multiple respiratory viruses at the same time, detecting influenza A and B, commonly known as the flu, respiratory syncytial virus, commonly known as RSV ...Sep 15, 2020 · Doctors, lab experts weigh in on new LabCorp combined test for COVID-19, Flu and RSV. By: Zak Dahlheimer. Posted at 8:46 PM, Sep 15, 2020 . ... with flu, COVID-19, RSV, or some other virus, all of ... The Pixel by Labcorp COVID-19 + Flu + RSV Test Home Collection Kit is intended for collection of individual anterior nasal swab specimens from individuals age 18 years and older (self-collected ...Flu A H3N2/Shangdong/9/93 is 2.26 x 10 TCID /mL. Flu B Victoria lineage/Shandong/7/97 is 1.825 x 10 TCID /mL. Flu B Yamagata lineage/Jiangsu/10/03 is 2.44 x 10 TCID /mL. 2. Clinical sensitivity/Clinical specificity For influenza A test Using COVID-19/Influenza A&B Antigen Test Kit by professional was compared to the RT-PCR kit.Apr 27, 2023 · This year there are special “senior” flu vaccines recommended for people ages 65 and older. Studies show they are more effective for older adults than the regular flu vaccine. COVID-19 and flu vaccines may be given together, and both vaccines are widely available across health systems, in pharmacies, and in community health clinics. The F.D.A. approved a new shot to protect infants from a deadly respiratory virus. And here’s what we know about who should get the flu, Covid and R.S.V. vaccines, and when.Oct 13, 2021 · The kit will be available this month. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) to a combination at-home flu and COVID-19 test collection kit. The kit, which is created by Pixel by Labcorp, is designed to detect COVID-19 and influenza A/B at the same time in people as young as 2 years old. “Our ... The test uses a single nasal swab or a single nasopharyngeal swab sample to determine if a patient has COVID-19 or the flu or RSV. It helps eliminate the need for multiple tests or doctor visits ...Sep 28, 2020 · A significant flu and RSV season this year could complicate healthcare professionals’ efforts to treat patients with fever, cough and aches – symptoms that COVID-19 shares with influenza A / B and RSV. Checking for four major respiratory viruses with one test will provide doctors a simple, efficient way to diagnose their patients. "This single test is a simple, accurate way to determine which virus is the cause of illness as the flu and RSV seasons get underway amid the COVID-19 pandemic."Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused . ... with COVID-19. You might test negative if the sample was collected early during your infection. You could also The combined COVID-19 and Flu test is now available and can also be ordered as individual tests. The combined COVID-19, Flu, and RSV test is anticipated to launch on December 7 .Eurofins Viracor said that the combined test for Covid-19 and Flu is currently available, and a combined test to detect Covid-19, Flu, and RSV is will be launched on 7 December 2020. Eurofins is among the first to receive EUA for its SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.A healthcare professional may be able to test for COVID-19, the flu and RSV at the same visit. Abbott offers several diagnostic tools to aid in fast, reliable respiratory virus testing. From our ID-NOW™ rapid system to the Alinity m Resp-4-Plex to the Panbio COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test*, we are equipping clinicians with tools to ...Touchbio 2 In1 Home Test Kit Influenza A & B Covid 19 | 2 pack. $19.20. Save $4.80. $9.60 per 1ea | Was $24.00. Apr 6, 2023 · Influenza (flu), COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are all common respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. They cause similar symptoms in many cases, but there are some key ... Aravive, weeks from liquidation, lays off 70% of its staff as it seeks a savior. Aug 22, 2023 08:50am. Fulcrum's sickle cell disease program is back in business after FDA lifts 6-month hold. Aug ...Sep 8, 2020 · LabCorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the ... The test can identify and differentiate several respiratory viruses at the same time, the FDA said, including influenza A and B, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.Sep 16, 2020 · Last week, LabCorp announced the launch of it combined COVID-19, influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test. The Burlington-based corporation is still pushing for FDA approval to ... Jan 12, 2023 · While all three viruses are present right now, they aren’t each peaking at the same time. Pediatric RSV and flu cases are now down; COVID-19 continues to increase in adults; and cases of adults with flu are declining in the elderly and somewhat stable among younger adults. A big part of the flu increase in November, explains Scott Roberts, MD ... The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization on Friday for the first at-home test that can simultaneously detect both COVID-19 and the flu. With a shallow nasal swab, the ...Oct 12, 2020 · The American Medical Association (AMA) released two new CPT codes October 7 for reporting antigen tests that detect the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and influenza. Effective immediately, coders ... A healthcare professional may be able to test for COVID-19, the flu and RSV at the same visit. Abbott offers several diagnostic tools to aid in fast, reliable respiratory virus testing. From our ID-NOW™ rapid system to the Alinity m Resp-4-Plex to the Panbio COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test*, we are equipping clinicians with tools to ...Getty Images. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized the first-ever home test for people with symptoms of COVID-19, the flu, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), giving users ...Jun 30, 2022 · The test uses a single nasal swab or a single nasopharyngeal swab sample to determine if a patient has COVID-19 or the flu or RSV. It helps eliminate the need for multiple tests or doctor visits ... The Pixel by Labcorp COVID-19 + Flu + RSV Test Home Collection Kit is intended for collection of individual anterior nasal swab specimens from individuals age 18 years and older (self-collected ...Sep 8, 2020 · Labcorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the COVID-19 health crisis and flu season. Between October 1, 2019, and April 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that there ... Safety Information: 1.For in vitro diagnostic use only. 2.Do not use after the expiration date. 3.Perform the test at room temperature 15 to 30°C. 4.The test cassette should remain in the sealed pouch until use. 5.Please read all information in this leaflet before performing the test. 6.Components from difference lots must not be mixed or used together. 7.Positive result cannot necessarily ... Colds, allergies, the flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are an inevitable part of autumn and winter. However, the sniffles don’t always mean COVID-19. There are tests for just about any of the typical sniffle-causing ailments you may encounter during the colder parts of the year.Aug 14, 2023 · Children up to age 8 who have never received a flu shot before and require two doses of the vaccine. But most people should wait until fall for optimal flu protection, especially adults 65 and older and pregnant people in their first and second trimester. “I don’t advise getting the flu shot too early because its protection will wane during ... Sep 8, 2020 · Labcorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the COVID-19 health crisis and flu season. Between October 1, 2019, and April 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that there ... The test uses a single nasal swab or a single nasopharyngeal swab sample to determine if a patient has COVID-19 or the flu or RSV. It helps eliminate the need for multiple tests or doctor visits and can help clinicians to implement the right treatment plan quickly.When is the optimal timing: RSV vaccines do not wane like flu and COVID-19 vaccines, so getting one now should protect you throughout the entire season and most likely next season, too. The RSV ...Nov 14, 2022 · The CDC Influenza SARS-CoV-2 (Flu SC2) Multiplex Assay is a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) laboratory test that can simultaneously detect and differentiate between influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 in upper or lower respiratory specimens. The test is a highly accurate, nucleic acid-based diagnostic ... Sep 8, 2020 · LabCorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the ... Pfizer Tests Flu, COVID-19 Combo Shot. The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine awaits administration at a vaccination clinic, Dec. 15, 2021, in Los Angeles. (FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images) Pfizer on ...The original PCR diagnostic test used to detect SARS-CoV-2 was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the early stages of the pandemic. But in July 2021, CDC ...See full list on verywellhealth.com Nov 14, 2022 · The CDC Influenza SARS-CoV-2 (Flu SC2) Multiplex Assay is a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) laboratory test that can simultaneously detect and differentiate between influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 in upper or lower respiratory specimens. The test is a highly accurate, nucleic acid-based diagnostic ... Apr 25, 2023 · But RATs to detect the flu have been available for years, albeit used by health workers to test patients. The latest RATs are different for two reasons. One, they detect both COVID and flu with ... A significant flu and RSV season this year could complicate healthcare professionals’ efforts to treat patients with fever, cough and aches – symptoms that COVID-19 shares with influenza A / B and RSV. Checking for four major respiratory viruses with one test will provide doctors a simple, efficient way to diagnose their patients.Labcorp’s COVID-19, influenza A / B, and RSV testing method is part of the company’s continued commitment to meet the demand for diagnostic testing as the country addresses the overlap of the COVID-19 health crisis and flu season. Between October 1, 2019, and April 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that there ...Sep 7, 2022 · Fanttest COVID-19 / Influenza A&B Antigen Test Kit. Combination self-tests are like other COVID-19 rapid antigen tests (RATs) but feature an additional line on the test cassette that indicates the presence of influenza A and B. For many consumers, distinguishing between COVID-19 and influenza is important in managing their infections. Last week, LabCorp announced the launch of it combined COVID-19, influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test. The Burlington-based corporation is still pushing for FDA approval to offer the combined test through at-home collection kits.The signs of COVID-19 are similar to flu and RSV. But unlike the other viruses, COVID-19 can have a serious effect on body systems outside the lungs. “Flu can do this too, but the symptoms ...Dec 6, 2022 · According to the latest statistics from the Florida Department of Health, there were 18,761 new COVID-19 cases reported last week. That’s up from 12,155 the week before. In Southeast Georgia ... The combined COVID-19 and Flu test is now available and can also be ordered as individual tests. The combined COVID-19, Flu, and RSV test is anticipated to launch on December 7 .RSV is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild, common-cold-type symptoms but can be severe for both young infants and older adults. And, of course, COVID-19 is the latest, now common virus the world is battling. These four common viruses share a variety of common symptoms (i.e. cough, fever, and fatigue), making distinguishing ...Influenza (flu), COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are all common respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. They cause similar symptoms in many cases, but there are some key ...19 is likely, and diagnostic tests for other causes of illness (e.g., other respiratory illness) are negative. If COVID-19 is still suspected based on exposure historyThe Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization on Friday for the first at-home test that can simultaneously detect both COVID-19 and the flu. With a shallow nasal swab, the ...The COVID-19, Flu, RSV combined test is an option if you would like to determine what type of infection you have. The test determines if you are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and/or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and is available through doctors, hospitals, and other authorized healthcare providers nationwide. Nov 19, 2020 · Eurofins Viracor said that the combined test for Covid-19 and Flu is currently available, and a combined test to detect Covid-19, Flu, and RSV is will be launched on 7 December 2020. Eurofins is among the first to receive EUA for its SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Single nasal swab test can determine whether a patient has COVID-19, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or a combination of these viruses in as little as 2 hours. The FDA has granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to Becton, Dickinson and Company’s BD MAX Molecular Diagnostic System combination test for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A + B ...Dec 2, 2022 · The U.S. is facing a surge of respiratory viruses, mainly driven by COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV. Flu and RSV have appeared earlier than usual and have particularly ... Introduction Using respiratory virus rapid diagnostic tests in the emergency department could allow better and faster clinical management. Point-of-care PCR instruments now provide results in less than 30 minutes. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the use of a rapid molecular diagnostic test, the cobas® Influenza A/B & RSV Assay, during the clinical management of ...Sep 28, 2020 · A significant flu and RSV season this year could complicate healthcare professionals’ efforts to treat patients with fever, cough and aches – symptoms that COVID-19 shares with influenza A / B and RSV. Checking for four major respiratory viruses with one test will provide doctors a simple, efficient way to diagnose their patients. Such tests detect specific proteins that differ between the viruses, allowing them to discern between COVID-19 and flu infections, medical experts confirmed to The Associated Press. THE FACTS: U.S. COVID-19 cases have again spiked in tandem with influenza, as a wave of respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, cases this year has threatened a winter ...A healthcare professional may be able to test for COVID-19, the flu and RSV at the same visit. Abbott offers several diagnostic tools to aid in fast, reliable respiratory virus testing. From our ID-NOW™ rapid system to the Alinity m Resp-4-Plex to the Panbio COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test*, we are equipping clinicians with tools to ...The U.S. is facing a surge of respiratory viruses, mainly driven by COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV.. Flu and RSV have appeared earlier than usual and have particularly ...Getting treated early for COVID-19 and flu can reduce your risk of getting very sick. Testing can also reveal if someone has both flu and COVID-19 at the same time, although this is uncommon. People with flu and COVID-19 at the same time can have more severe disease than people with either flu or COVID-19 alone.Last week, LabCorp announced the launch of it combined COVID-19, influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test. The Burlington-based corporation is still pushing for FDA approval to offer the combined test through at-home collection kits.Aug 29, 2023 · At-home testing is now available for RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), COVID-19, and the flu (influenza). You can order testing online without a prescription. Results are not immediate. You need to mail samples to the manufacturer, and results take 1 to 2 days to return. Doctors, lab experts weigh in on new LabCorp combined test for COVID-19, Flu and RSV. By: Zak Dahlheimer. Posted at 8:46 PM, Sep 15, 2020 . ... with flu, COVID-19, RSV, or some other virus, all of ...Nov 19, 2020 · Eurofins Viracor said that the combined test for Covid-19 and Flu is currently available, and a combined test to detect Covid-19, Flu, and RSV is will be launched on 7 December 2020. Eurofins is among the first to receive EUA for its SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. As of November 17, 2020, the current average time to deliver results for COVID-19, Flu & RSV combined testing is 1-3 days from the date of specimen pickup. Delivered to the ordering physician's EMR or Labcorp Link. COVID-19 RT-PCR Test (anterior nares) specimen collection instructions (foam swab)Dec 2, 2022 · The U.S. is facing a surge of respiratory viruses, mainly driven by COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV. Flu and RSV have appeared earlier than usual and have particularly ... Doctors, lab experts weigh in on new LabCorp combined test for COVID-19, Flu and RSV. By: Zak Dahlheimer. Posted at 8:46 PM, Sep 15, 2020 . ... with flu, COVID-19, RSV, or some other virus, all of ...A loss of taste and smell is one way to distinguish COVID-19 from the flu and RSV, Fayanju said, although that symptom is less common now than it was in the earlier days of the pandemic. This isn’t the same as the loss of taste and smell from congestion. The loss of taste and smell with a COVID-19 infection generally happens pretty early on ...Jun 30, 2022 · The test uses a single nasal swab or a single nasopharyngeal swab sample to determine if a patient has COVID-19 or the flu or RSV. It helps eliminate the need for multiple tests or doctor visits and can help clinicians to implement the right treatment plan quickly. The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization on Friday for the first at-home test that can simultaneously detect both COVID-19 and the flu. With a shallow nasal swab, the ...A new test you take at home and mail to a lab can let you and your doctor know if you have COVID-19, the flu, or RSV. This combination test can help people get the appropriate treatment faster. Experts say that while the test is helpful, even faster results are important.Colds, allergies, the flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are an inevitable part of autumn and winter. However, the sniffles don’t always mean COVID-19. There are tests for just about any of the typical sniffle-causing ailments you may encounter during the colder parts of the year. COVID-19 October Update As we approach the season for influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, clini-cians need to be able to rapidly distinguish these two seasonal infections from infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ordinarily, a test panel that evalu- Last week, LabCorp announced the launch of it combined COVID-19, influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test. The Burlington-based corporation is still pushing for FDA approval to ...Jul 26, 2023 · RSV hit the U.S. especially hard last fall — right around the same time COVID-19 and flu cases gained steam. (Early estimates show the flu killed as many as 58,000 Americans in the 2022-2023 season; meanwhile, COVID-19 sent tens of thousands of people to the hospital each week during the fall of 2022.)
The COVID-19, Flu, RSV combined test is an option if you would like to determine what type of infection you have. The test determines if you are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and/or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and is available through doctors, hospitals, and other authorized healthcare providers nationwide.. Mm
sample, reactivity of the reagents, and correct test performance. TouchBio RSV, FLU A/B & Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Combo Test 6.The sample buffer and test cassette must be brought to room temperature (18°C~30°C) before use, otherwise the results may be false. 7.Discard and do not use any damaged or dropped Test Card or material.1 day ago · When is the optimal timing: RSV vaccines do not wane like flu and COVID-19 vaccines, so getting one now should protect you throughout the entire season and most likely next season, too. The RSV ... But RATs to detect the flu have been available for years, albeit used by health workers to test patients. The latest RATs are different for two reasons. One, they detect both COVID and flu with ...Novel combination vaccination approach aims to help protect individuals against two severe respiratory viral diseases Candidate combines Pfizer’s quadrivalent modRNA-based influenza vaccine candidate with the companies’ Omicron-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine based on BA.4/BA.5, each of which is based on BioNTech’s proprietary mRNA platform technology U.S.-based study to include 180 ...Sep 7, 2022 · Fanttest COVID-19 / Influenza A&B Antigen Test Kit. Combination self-tests are like other COVID-19 rapid antigen tests (RATs) but feature an additional line on the test cassette that indicates the presence of influenza A and B. For many consumers, distinguishing between COVID-19 and influenza is important in managing their infections. Introduction Using respiratory virus rapid diagnostic tests in the emergency department could allow better and faster clinical management. Point-of-care PCR instruments now provide results in less than 30 minutes. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the use of a rapid molecular diagnostic test, the cobas® Influenza A/B & RSV Assay, during the clinical management of ...Sep 8, 2020 · A significant flu and RSV season this year could put an added strain on the healthcare system, as people experience similar symptoms such as fever, cough, and aches, with COVID-19 and respiratory ... Touchbio 2 In1 Home Test Kit Influenza A & B Covid 19 | 2 pack. $19.20. Save $4.80. $9.60 per 1ea | Was $24.00. Test Methodologies. Different types of COVID-19 and flu test kits use different testing methodologies. They can either be antigen-based or use molecular techniques. Diagnostic tests for viral antigens or RNA indicate a current infection. Antigen Tests. Antigen assays typically detect nucleocapsid proteins from a virus like SARS-CoV-2 or Flu A+B. Oct 4, 2021 · Notably, these same interventions also have an immense influence on other infectious diseases, including influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) [6–9]. Nucleic acid-based methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing represents the gold standard for detection of viral infections [ 10 ]. The F.D.A. approved a new shot to protect infants from a deadly respiratory virus. And here’s what we know about who should get the flu, Covid and R.S.V. vaccines, and when.Mar 1, 2023 · In individuals with symptoms, the Lucira COVID-19 & Flu Home Test correctly identified 99.3% of negative and 90% of positive Influenza A samples, 100% of negative and 88.3% of positive COVID-19 ... Nov 19, 2020 · Eurofins Viracor said that the combined test for Covid-19 and Flu is currently available, and a combined test to detect Covid-19, Flu, and RSV is will be launched on 7 December 2020. Eurofins is among the first to receive EUA for its SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Combined test for COVID-19, flu, and RSV Consult your doctor to determine which respiratory infection you may have. COVID-19, influenza, or RSV can be diagnosed using a combination of blood, nasal swabs, and breathing tests. The diagnosis is crucial to treat the virus and reduce its transmission to others.The Pixel by Labcorp COVID-19 + Flu + RSV Test Home Collection Kit is intended for collection of individual anterior nasal swab specimens from individuals age 18 years and older (self-collected ...Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused . ... with COVID-19. You might test negative if the sample was collected early during your infection. You could also A healthcare professional may be able to test for COVID-19, the flu and RSV at the same visit. Abbott offers several diagnostic tools to aid in fast, reliable respiratory virus testing. From our ID-NOW™ rapid system to the Alinity m Resp-4-Plex to the Panbio COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test*, we are equipping clinicians with tools to ...COVID-19; 2. Influenza/RSV Related) is allowed without a practitioner order during the public health emergency for COVID-19. Alternatively, one test from the third category (3. Combination Codes) is allowed without a practitioner order during the public health emergency for COVID-19. G2023 or G2024 are allowed without a practitionerSafety Information: 1.For in vitro diagnostic use only. 2.Do not use after the expiration date. 3.Perform the test at room temperature 15 to 30°C. 4.The test cassette should remain in the sealed pouch until use. 5.Please read all information in this leaflet before performing the test. 6.Components from difference lots must not be mixed or used together. 7.Positive result cannot necessarily ....
